A search that starts in a database usually ends with a long list and no application. Hundreds of opportunities look plausible for almost any organization, and each one costs reading time to rule out. The faster route is to decide what a good fit means before you open a search page.
This article shows you how to write fit criteria on one page, where to look for each kind of funder and how to run a five-minute check that keeps your list short and your time for the opportunities worth writing.
Write your fit criteria on one page
Fit is a short list of questions you can answer yes or no. Write them down once, and every opportunity you meet gets measured against the same page instead of against your mood that day. Cover six areas:
- Mission and program. Which specific program would the money pay for? "Youth services" is too broad. "After-school tutoring for middle schoolers" is something you can match.
- Population. Who do you serve, and how would a funder describe them?
- Geography. Name the counties, cities, tribal lands or regions you serve. Many funders restrict where they give.
- Grant size. Set the smallest award worth the effort of applying and the largest you could manage well.
- Readiness. What do you have in place today: financial statements, board approval, partners, staff time? For federal funding, add registrations. Under 2 CFR 25.200, a federal notice of funding opportunity must require most applicants to be registered in SAM.gov before they apply and to include their unique entity identifier (UEI) in the application.
- Timing. When do you need the money, and which deadlines can you realistically meet?
Mark each line as a must-have or as flexible. The must-haves become your quick-fail tests.
A hypothetical criteria page
Say a rural food bank serving three counties wants to add cold storage. Its one-page criteria might look like this:
| Area | Criterion | Must-have? |
|---|---|---|
| Program | Food storage and distribution capacity | Yes |
| Population | Low-income households and seniors | Yes |
| Geography | Serves the three-county area | Yes |
| Grant size | $25,000 to $150,000 | Flexible |
| Readiness | Latest financial statements and a board-approved project | Yes |
| Timing | Funds in hand within 12 months | Flexible |
The project costs $120,000, so any single grant above that would be more than the project needs and any grant far below it means combining funders. That is useful to know before you look at a single listing.
Where to look, by type of funder
Different funders publish in different places. Knowing the map saves you from searching the wrong one.
- Federal programs. Grants.gov is where federal agencies post funding opportunities. The Assistance Listings on SAM.gov describe the programs behind them. Under 2 CFR 200.203, they are the comprehensive government-wide source of federal financial assistance program information. The federal search walkthrough covers the details.
- State and pass-through money. The Congressional Research Service notes that most federal prime grant awards go first to state governments, which then pass at least some of the funds to local entities as subawards. Your state's agencies are therefore a source of both state and federal dollars. See finding state and local funding.
- Private foundations. Private foundations file the IRS Form 990-PF, which reports grants they paid. That makes their giving visible, and finding foundations that already fund work like yours shows how to use it.
- Community foundations. The Council on Foundations describes a community foundation as a grantmaking public charity dedicated to improving the lives of people in a specific local area. For a local organization, the one that covers your county is often a natural first stop.
- Corporate giving. Many companies publish their own giving guidelines and application windows. Treat the company's own page as the source of truth.
You don't need to search all five every month. Pick the two or three that match your criteria and your capacity.
Run a five-minute fit check
Before an opportunity goes on your list, give it five minutes and stop at the first "no."
For a federal notice
Federal notices follow a common layout. Under Appendix I to 2 CFR Part 200, the basic information section must state the total funding the agency expects to award, the anticipated number of awards and the expected dollar values of individual awards, which may be a range. The eligibility section must give a complete and specific list of eligible entity types, any additional eligibility restrictions and the criteria that make a project ineligible.
So read those two sections first, in that order. If your organization type isn't on the list, or your project falls under an ineligible category, you're done. If the typical award is far above or below your range, note it and decide whether to continue.
For a foundation
Start with the foundation's published guidelines: who it funds, where, and in what range. The Form 990-PF instructions add a useful detail. They ask a foundation to describe restrictions on its awards by geographic area, charitable field and kind of recipient, along with any dollar limits, and they say this benefits the grant seeker. The form also has a box for foundations that make contributions only to preselected organizations and don't accept unsolicited applications. If a foundation checks it, move on.
The questions, in order
- Is our type of organization eligible?
- Does the geography include where we work?
- Does the purpose match our program?
- Is the award size in our range?
- Can we meet the deadline and the registration requirements?
The check in practice
Say the food bank finds two opportunities. The first is a federal program whose eligibility section lists only state agencies. That fails question 1 in about a minute, and it comes off the list. The second is a community foundation serving two of the food bank's three counties, with grants of up to $40,000 for capital projects and an open application. It passes all five. A $40,000 award would cover one third of the $120,000 project, so it joins the list as one piece of a funding plan, not the whole answer.
Note that the first result wasn't a waste. The food bank learned the program exists and that a pass-through arrangement with the state agency might be worth asking about later.
Keep the reasons, not just the results
Each time an opportunity fails, write down which question it failed. After a dozen entries you'll see patterns: maybe your size range is too narrow, or a geography you assumed was a must-have is actually flexible. Update the criteria page when the evidence says to.
For opportunities that pass, the next job is a careful read. How to read a funding notice covers what to look for once an opportunity has earned your time.
Your next step
Before your next search, write your fit criteria on one page: the six areas above, with each marked as a must-have or flexible. Keep it where you do your searching. If you work with a team, share it so everyone screens opportunities the same way.
SoliContraX is built for the stretch between "this looks like a fit" and "submitted." Once an opportunity clears your check, upload the notice or pick a federal grant inside the app and work from a draft built from your own materials. Get started with SoliContraX.
Sources
- 2 CFR 25.200, Requirements for notice of funding opportunities (eCFR)
- 2 CFR 200.203, Requirement to provide public notice of Federal financial assistance programs (eCFR)
- Appendix I to 2 CFR Part 200, Full Text of Notice of Funding Opportunity (eCFR)
- Tracking Federal Grant Awards: A Brief Overview, CRS In Focus IF12925 (Congressional Research Service)
- Search Grants tab (Grants.gov help)
- Instructions for Form 990-PF (IRS)
- What is a community foundation? (Council on Foundations)